Pola Pemerolehan dan Penggunaan Bahasa Indonesia pada Pemelajar Multilingual: Kajian Psikolinguistik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25134/fon.v22i2.697Kata Kunci:
bahasa Indonesia, pemelajar multilingual, pemerolehan bahasa, psikolinguistikAbstrak
Pola pemerolehan dan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia pada pemelajar multilingual merupakan proses yang kompleks karena melibatkan pengetahuan bahasa yang telah diperoleh sebelumnya serta proses kognitif dalam memahami dan memproduksi bahasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pola pemerolehan dan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia pada pemelajar multilingual dalam konteks pembelajaran dari perspektif psikolinguistik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 20 pemelajar multilingual di Universitas Negeri Surabaya pada tingkat dasar dan menengah. Data berupa tuturan pemelajar yang menunjukkan proses pemerolehan dan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia dalam interaksi pembelajaran. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, simak libat cakap, wawancara, perekaman, pencatatan, penugasan, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan simpulan, sedangkan keabsahan data diperiksa melalui triangulasi dan pemeriksaan ahli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola pemerolehan dan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia tampak melalui proses pencarian leksikal, pengulangan, perbaikan tuturan, penggunaan kata pengisi, serta pemanfaatan pengetahuan bahasa yang telah dikuasai sebelumnya. Pemelajar tingkat dasar cenderung menunjukkan proses perencanaan dan pencarian bentuk bahasa yang lebih sering, sedangkan pemelajar tingkat menengah menunjukkan produksi tuturan yang lebih lancar dan penggunaan kosakata yang lebih beragam. Perbedaan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pemerolehan dan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia berkaitan dengan tingkat kemahiran, pengalaman multilingual, serta proses perencanaan dan pemrosesan bahasa. Temuan penelitian menegaskan bahwa pemerolehan bahasa Indonesia pada pemelajar multilingual berlangsung secara dinamis melalui interaksi antara pengetahuan linguistik sebelumnya, akses leksikal, dan proses produksi bahasa.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Icha Fadhilasari, Bambang Yulianto (Author)
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